Fig. 15.1 Increased abdominal pressure affects multiple organ systems Intra-abdominal hypertension also has a direct compressive effect on the renal system. This results in a relative obstruction to renal venous…
Fig. 4.1 (a) Absolute growth of elderly population in the United States, subdivided by age group. From 2000 to 2050, the population of persons over the age of 65 in…
Fig. 13.1 Pathophysiology of the inflammatory cascade and iatrogenic “2nd hit” insults leading to secondary brain injury Consequently, alternative strategies to provide early fracture stabilization of long bones, while avoiding…
Injury description AIS Pulmonary contusion 3 Fracture <3 ribs 1–2 Flail chest, unilateral 3 Blunt cardiac injury, minor ECG changes 3 Torn descending thoracic aorta 4–5 Epidemiology Thoracic injury is…
Scene and situation Kinematics and mechanisms Height of fall, death of other passengers Use of safety devices Airbag, helmet or other protective gear Time of injury Initial patient status Vitals…
Fig. 1.1 Blood supply to the skin Subcutaneous Tissue The subcutaneous tissue is usually a part of the examination at the time of a skin injury. In most closed injuries,…
ISS > 40 Body temperature below 95 °F Multiple injuries (ISS > 20) in combination with thorax trauma Multiple injuries in combination with severe abdominal or pelvic injury and hemorrhagic shock in the moment…
