Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I
Overall, OI occurs with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 15,000 to 20,000 births. Cases due to mutations of the CO1A1 or COL1A2 genes occur in an autosomal dominant manner;…
Treatment of Osteoporosis
EVALUATION FOR SECONDARY OSTEOPOROSIS Evaluation of patients requires attention to possible secondary causes for low bone mass. Individuals with low bone mass may have diseases or take medications that may…
Treatment of Osteoporosis (Continued)
Hip Pads and Other Assistive Devices. Hip protectors have been shown to prevent hip fractures in compliant subjects at significant risk of falling. An observational study in nursing homes using…
Treatment of Complications of Spinal Osteoporosis
Operative Management Two percutaneous treatment options for painful vertebral compression fractures—vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty—involve the injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) into a compressed vertebral body. Studies show that the procedures may…
Transiliac Bone Biopsy
Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone. Because the differentiation between the two major metabolic bone diseases, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, is based in part on the quantity and quality of bone mineral,…
Radiology of Osteopenia (Continued)
BMD determined by DXA is an areal measurement. The density in grams is divided by the area scanned to determine g/cm2. Meticulous detail is necessary to ensure follow-up scans measure…
Radiology of Osteopenia (Continued)
Quantitative Ultrasonography (QUS) QUS, unlike diagnostic ultrasonography, uses a transmitting and receiving transducer. Frequencies are higher than used for diagnostic ultrasonography. The measurement reflects structure and mineral content by determining…
Radiology of Osteopenia
Radiography The identification of osteopenia on a radiograph requires a significant, 30% or greater, loss of bone mineral. There are two general types of bone loss, and the differentiation between…
Progressive Spinal Deformity in Osteoporosis
WORKUP IN SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE Causes of symptomatic bone loss must be systematically excluded. The patient’s history may suggest bone loss secondary to hyperthyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, chronic glucocorticoid excess (hyperadrenalism or…
Clinical Manifestations of Osteoporosis
Multiple myeloma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adults, may be associated with profound generalized axial and appendicular osteopenia. Myeloma cells produce potent osteoclast-activating factors that stimulate bone…
