Stem Cell Therapy and Orthopedics
Fig. 15.1 Stem cells according to sources Stem Cells According to Sources and Potentials Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) Embryonic stem cells (ESCs): Each cell of the blastocysts (inner cell mass)…
Tendons and Ligaments
Tendons Structure and Classification Tendons and ligaments are similar structures in terms of their composition, organization, and mechanical properties. The distinction between them stems from their anatomical location; tendons form…
Peripheral Nerve
Seddon Sunderland Tissue damage Recovery Neuropraxia Grade 1 Myelin damage, conduction block Less than 3 months, without surgical intervention Axonotmesis Grade 2 Myelin damage, axon damage Usually recovers without surgical…
Genetic Basis of Orthopedic Diseases
Fig. 14.1 X-ray of a 68-year-old female patient. Right hip fracture due to severe osteoporosis A 65-year-old female patient, who has a 68-year-old sister operated because of a femoral neck…
Biological Response to Orthopedic Implants and Biomaterials
Fig. 1.1 Total knee artroplasty When you have a total knee replacement, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the surface of the knee joint and replaces them with…
Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Injuries
Fig. 11.1 Tibia stress fracture. (Note: dreaded black line) Fig. 11.2 Bone scan with focal uptake of tibia stress fracture Fig. 11.3 Tibia stress fracture status post intramedullary nail at…
Cervical Spine and Neck Injuries
Fig. 13.1 Bar graph comparing the incidence of all spine injuries as percentage of total combat-related injuries between the Korean War and Operation Iraqi Freedom. (Reproduced from Schoenfeld [6]; with…
Successful Injury Prevention Interventions
Fig. 15.1 Traditional four-step model of injury prevention Essential Elements for Military Injury Prevention Program Success In 2004, the Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council chartered…
Traumatic Combat Injuries
Fig. 2.1 Historical comparison of wounding patterns by conflict for major military engagements of the USA from the Civil War (1861–1865) to the present. Data for combat-specific personnel are derived…
Musculoskeletal Injuries During Military Initial Entry Training
Modifiable risk factors Non-modifiable risk factors Body mass index Gender Muscle strength Age Pretraining fitness level Ethnicity Nutrition factors Lower extremity morphology Menstrual dysfunctions Genetics Muscle fatigue Previous injury history…
