Fig. 19.1 Schema showing a cross section of the intervertebral disc and anatomy of the spinal cord and posterior vertebral processes. (Left) Normal anatomy showing labels identifying the intervertebral disc…
Fig. 20.1 Representative light microscopic images of the aging sand rat lumbar disc: (a) Lumbar disc at 3 weeks of age: image shows nucleus pulposus filled with notochordal cells, annulus,…
18.3 Types of Models Used in Intervertebral Disc Research Intervertebral disc research involving various regions of the spine has been useful in assessing the physical, histological, and biomechanical characteristics of…
, Paul Santerre2, Eric Massicotte3, 4 and Mark Hurtig5 (1) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (2) Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University…
Fig. 10.1 Concepts of Mendelian inheritance. (a) In dominant inheritance, one parent carries the disease-causing allele D, with one copy sufficient to show the phenotype. Offspring who inherited the D…
Fossil of Pikaia gracilens, a 505-million-year-old creature, found in the Burgess Shale fossil beds in Canada. There is evidence of a notochord, a dorsal nerve, and myotome-like structure. Pikaia was…
Treatment Therapy Stage of symptoms Nonsurgical therapies Patient education Acute Activity modification Acute Behavioral therapy Acute and chronic Exercise therapy Subacute and chronic Oral medication Non-narcotic analgesic Acute Narcotic analgesic…
(1) Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Evolutionary Considerations…
Survival of luciferase-expressing stem cells following implantation into the intervertebral disc region. Stem cells expressing the luciferase gene were implanted in a caudal disc space in the rat. At each…
Fig. 11.1 A schematic overview of the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration demonstrating the involvement of IL-1 in driving the aberrant cell biology and processes involved in matrix catabolism and…
