Scapula Fractures: Open Reduction Internal Fixation Peter A. Cole Babar Shafiq INTRODUCTION Scapula fractures are uncommon injuries. A recent epidemiological study from Edinburgh showed that only 52 of 6,986 (0.7%)…
Proximal Humerus Fractures: Hemiarthroplasty William H. Paterson Sumant G. Krishnan INTRODUCTION Proximal humeral fractures are common injuries representing 4% to 5% of all fractures in clinical practice, but they account…
Proximal Humeral Fractures: Open Reduction Internal Fixation John T. Gorczyca INTRODUCTION Fractures of the proximal humerus are common injuries and comprise approximately 4% of fractures seen in clinical practice. They…
Clavicle Fractures: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Donald A. Wiss INTRODUCTION Clavicle fractures are common injuries and account for approximately 35% to 40% of fractures in the shoulder region. Most…
Ankle and Subtalar Arthroscopy Jeffrey D. Jackson Richard D. Ferkel Ellis K. Nam 13.1 ANKLE ARTHROSCOPY The first arthroscopic inspection of a cadaveric knee joint was performed by Takagi in…
Foot and Ankle Trauma David B. Thordarson Although foot and ankle injuries are not life threatening, the long-term disability resulting from them is well established. Two studies have compared multiply…
Lesser Toe Deformities and Bunionettes Mark E. Easley Umur Aydogan Lesser toe deformities may occur in isolation or may be associated with other forefoot disorders. Although some lesser toe deformities…
Degenerative Joint Disease of The Ankle and Hindfoot Todd A. Kile Christopher Y. Kweon Degenerative joint diseases include various clinical entities that are all linked by their common pathologic finding:…
Degenerative Joint Disease of The Midfoot and Forefoot Chad B. Carlson Michael E. Brage 11.1 MIDFOOT ARTHRITIS A variety of forms of arthritis affect people of all ages and have…
Tendon Disorders Sheldon S. Lin Eric Breitbart Constantine A. Demetracopoulos Jonathan T. Deland ACUTE ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE The incidence of acute Achilles tendon rupture has increased over the past 50…
