CHAPTER 90 Spinal Intradural Infections Ramin J. Javahery, MD, Allan D. Levi, MD, PhD Bacterial Pathogens Spinal Subdural Empyema Background The current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis…
CHAPTER 1 Development of the Spine Christopher M. Bono, MD, Wesley W. Parke, PhD, Steven R. Garfin, MD The embryologic development of the human spine is an enormously complex process…
CHAPTER 28 Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spinal Trauma of the Immature Spine Justin B. Hohl, MD, Clinton J. Devin, MD, Catherine J. Fedorka, MD, Joon Yung Lee, MD Epidemiology Spine…
CHAPTER 35 Ankylosing Spondylitis Serena S. Hu, MD, Dheera Ananthakrishnan, MD, MSE Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was first described in the late 1800s by a group of French neurologists. The hallmark…
CHAPTER 16 Discography Eugene Carragee, MD Provocative discography is a diagnostic test sometimes used to evaluate the disc as a potential source of persistent back and neck pain syndromes. In…
CHAPTER 69 Electrical Stimulation for Spinal Fusion Paul A. Glazer, MD, Liane Clamen Glazer, MD, Michael W. Groff, MD Electrical stimulation therapies have been used for the past 35 years…
CHAPTER 11 The Patient History and Physical Examination Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Christopher J. Standaert, MD, Stanley A. Herring, MD, J. David Sinclair, MD Caring for patients with spine disorders…
CHAPTER 106 Physical Therapy—The Science Eric A.K. Mayer, MD, Julie Fritz, PhD, PT ATC Physical therapy has long been the “backbone” in the care continuum to return patients with spine…
CHAPTER 104 Psychologic Strategies for Chronic Pain Edward C. Covington, MD, Judith Scheman, PhD “Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or…
CHAPTER 39 Surgical Management of Axial Pain Timothy A. Garvey, MD Patients who present for evaluation rarely state, “I have C7 radiculopathy from a soft herniated intervertebral disc on right…
