Musculoskeletal Key

1 Basic sciences All voluntary movement, including walking, results from a complicated process involving the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, bones and joints. Before considering in detail the process…

4 Methods of gait analysis Walking is often impaired by neurological and musculoskeletal pathology and is one of the health domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health…

2 Normal gait In order to understand pathological gait, it is necessary first to understand normal gait, since this provides the standard against which the gait of a patient can…

3 Pathological and other abnormal gaits Although some variability is present in normal gait, particularly in the use of the muscles, there is an identifiable ‘normal pattern’ of walking and…

6 Gait assessment of neurological disorders The aim of this chapter is to provide examples of how gait analysis can be used to determine the severity, progression and the efficacy…

7 Gait analysis in musculoskeletal conditions, prosthetics and orthotics The aim of this chapter is to provide examples of how gait analysis can be used to determine the severity of…

5 Applications of gait analysis The aim of this chapter is to provide a broad overview of some of the ways in which gait analysis is used, particularly in a…