CHAPTER 28 Automated Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy: Technique Giuseppe Bonaldi INTRODUCTION Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) was introduced in 1985 by Gary Onik et al.1–3 Since the 1960s, many different techniques…
CHAPTER 98 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment Santhosh A. Thomas INTRODUCTION Etymologically, the term spondylolisthesis derives from Greek roots spondylos (vertebra) and olisthesis (to slip or slide down). It is now…
CHAPTER 108 Neuraxial Drug Administration to Treat Pain of Spinal Origin Joshua P. Prager INTRODUCTION Advances in neurobiology serve as the basis for current and evolving implantable pain modalities, consisting…
CHAPTER 114 Epidemiology and Examination Philip Tasca, Curtis W. Slipman INTRODUCTION The most current paradigm of interventional spine care admits a multiplicity of potential spine-related sources of axial and appendicular…
CHAPTER 78 Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc Dawn M. Elliott, Chandra S. Yerramalli, Joshua D. Auerbach INTRODUCTION: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DISC The intervertebral disc separates the rigid vertebral bodies…
CHAPTER 107 Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Pain Robert E. Windsor, Markus Niederwanger, Steven Lobel INTRODUCTION Since the first published paper on spinal cord stimulation (SCS) by Shealy in 1967…
CHAPTER 71 Developmental and Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine Venu Akuthota, John Tobey The thoracic spine has long been treated as the ugly stepsister of the cervical and lumbar…
CHAPTER 126 On-the-field Assessment of the Cervical Spine-Injured Athlete Jonathan A. Drezner INTRODUCTION Physicians caring for athletes during sports competition must be prepared to evaluate and treat injuries to the…
CHAPTER 12 Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents Tom Edrich, Kamen Vlassakov, Peter Gerner INTRODUCTION The development of general and, in particular, local anesthetics (LAs), required both socioeconomic and cultural changes,…
CHAPTER 120 Coccydynia Jean-Yves Maigne INTRODUCTION Although coccygeal pain was first described in relation to a fracture by sixteenth-century French surgeon Ambroise Paré, the term coccydynia was not introduced until…
