Bites and stings

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Bites and stings

• Snakebite-related morbidity and mortality are reduced most effectively by rapid transport, intensive care support, and the administration of antivenin. • Pit viper envenomation may produce both painful local tissue…

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Child abuse

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Child abuse

Pearls • Infants and children with inflicted head or other traumatic injuries often appear in emergency departments with signs and symptoms of trauma or conditions suspicious of being of medical…

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Pediatric delirium

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Pediatric delirium

Pearls • Delirium is a frequent complication of pediatric critical illness and is associated with substantial morbidity. • Refractory agitation in the pediatric intensive care unit is often a manifestation…

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Sedation and analgesia

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Sedation and analgesia

Pearls • A wide selection of sedation and analgesia options is available in the pediatric intensive care unit. • No ideal sedative agent exists for all patients. • Most children…

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Burn and inhalation injury

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Burn and inhalation injury

Pearls • The accurate estimation of burn severity is crucial both for appropriate resuscitation and for maintenance of adequate urine output and hemodynamics, including blood pressure and cardiac output. The…

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Pediatric sepsis

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Pediatric sepsis

• The typical patient with septic shock has simultaneous derangements of cardiovascular function, intravascular volume status, respiratory function, immune/inflammatory regulation, renal function, coagulation, hepatic function, and/or metabolic function. • The…

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Toxidromes and their treatment

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Toxidromes and their treatment

• Flumazenil, when used for benzodiazepine overdose, may unmask seizures caused by a coingested substance or precipitate acute withdrawal in the patient who habitually uses benzodiazepines. • β-Adrenergic antagonists, when…

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Pediatric rheumatologic disease

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Pediatric rheumatologic disease

• Approximately 1 child in 250 has a rheumatologic disease. • A child may present to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a life-threatening manifestation of an undiagnosed rheumatologic disease…

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Innate immunity

May 20, 2021 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Innate immunity

• Innate immunity provides the frontline ready-made response to pathogen invasion. • These same pathways are activated in response to other critical insults, including trauma, hypoxic/ischemic injury, and bypass. •…

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