Fig. 7.1 Graphic representation of vascular anatomy of the metaphysis of a tubular bone. Bacteria enter the nutrient artery and lodge into the venous sinusoids Terminal arterioles lead to venous…

Fig. 14.1 Acute Charcot arthropathy. Note severe swelling and erythema which is difficult to differentiate from acute infection 1. Isolated Charcot arthropathy   2. Charcot arthropathy with noninfected ulceration  …

Bone biopsy typically involves histopathologic evaluation and microbiologic culture. This two-tiered biopsy approach improves accuracy; however, the results are subjected to variable interpretation leading to clinical uncertainty. Diagnostic accuracy is…

Fig. 9.1 Clinical appearance of ankle joint sepsis The clinical appearance of a septic right ankle and the contralateral unaffected limb are seen. The classical clinical presentation consists of a…

  Classification systems Cierny-Mader staging system for osteomyelitis Stage 1: Medullary osteomyelitis  A Host: healthy Stage 2: superficial osteomyelitis  B Host:  Bs: Systemic compromise  Bl: Local compromise  Bls: Local and…

Fig. 10.1 A 70-y/o male with significant peripheral vascular disease with distal ischemia who presented after revascularization with ankle osteomyelitis. (a, b) X-ray imaging shows diffuse osteopenic changes with nonspecific…

  Joint replacement (%) All fractures (%) Staphylococcus aureus 12–23 30 Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 30–43 22 Gram Negative Bacilli 3–6 10 Anaerobes 2–4 5 Enterococci 3–7 3 Streptococci 9–10 1…

Reference Classification Overview [5], see Table 1.2 “Waldvogel” • Mechanism – Hematogenous – Contiguous – Vascular compromise • Duration – Acute – Chronic [33], see Table 1.3 “Cierny-Mader” • Anatomic – Medullary – Superficial – Localized – Diffuse • Physiologic – Normal host – Compromised…