Arthroscopic Primary Repair of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Fig. 14.1 Sagittal view of the preoperative PCL. a Top MRI reveals the proximal avulsion, the ligament is still intact at the tibia but avulsed from the femur (white arrow)….
MUSCULOSKELETAL MEDICINE
Articular Cartilage Restoration in the PCL-Injured Knee
Fig. 23.1 Traumatic full-thickness chondral lesion of the medial femoral condyle PCL insufficiency has known detrimental effects on joint mechanics of the knee, and the kinematics can be altered dramatically…
All-Arthroscopic Tibial Inlay Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Fig. 11.1 Intraoperative physical exam finding of the PCL-deficient knee; a posterior sag of the right tibia in 90° of flexion Radiography The initial diagnostic imaging study should be plain…
The All-Inside Technique: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Mean measurement ± SD (mm) AL PM Anteroposterior length 8 ± 2 6 ± 1 Width 9 ± 2 10 ± 2 Center from posterior tibial axis (posteroanterior) 7 ± 2 3 ± 1 Center from medial tibial edge 37 ± 4 38 ± 5…
Brace Considerations for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries of the Knee
Fig. 26.1 Elongation of the anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) bundles of the PCL with weight-bearing knee flexion from 0° to 135°. PCL—posterior cruciate ligament. ([8] Reprinted with permission from…
Mechanical Graft Tensioning in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Fig. 21.1 The graft-tensioning boot consists of a frame that has a ratcheted torque wrench attached to the frame. The device fits over the surgical foot and leg. (From Fanelli…
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients 18 Years of Age and Younger
Fig. 19.1 Preoperative radiographs in a 12-year-old boy. The diagnosis in this patient is a right knee posterior-cruciate-ligament-based multiple-ligament-injured knee with posterior cruciate ligament tear, posteromedial instability type A, and…
Combined Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posteromedial Reconstruction
Fig. 17.1 The anatomy of the posterior medial corner including the hamstring tendon attachment (yellow), sMCL (bright green), fascial arm POL (light blue), central arm POL (mid-blue), capsular arm POL…
Instrumented Measurement of the Multiple-Ligament-Injured Knee: Arthrometry, Stress Radiography, Rotationometry, and Computer Navigation
Fig. 5.1 The active resisted hamstring contraction stress X-ray. The patient is performing an active maximal hamstring contraction against resistance in the lateral position. The X-ray is done during the…
Rehabilitation Following PCL Reconstruction: Scientific and Theoretical Basis
(1) 1250 Broadway Road, 17847 Milton, PA, USA KeywordsPCLRehabilitationKinematicsQuadricepsProtocol Introduction As the techniques to diagnose injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and multiligament injuries have advanced, as well as…
