Musculoskeletal Key

8 Scapula Orientation and general presentation (Figs 8.1 & 8.2) The scapula or shoulder blade (1) is a triangular bone located on the lateroposterior aspect of the thorax and on…

10 Ulna Orientation and general presentation (Figs 10.1 & 10.2) The ulna (1) is located on the medial aspect of the forearm. It articulates with the humerus (2) proximally, the…

14 Ilium Orientation and general presentation (Figs 14.1 & 14.2) The joint cavity of the hip joint, or acetabulum (IAC), is oriented laterally, whereas the obturator foramen (1) and the…

9 Humerus Orientation and general presentation (Figs 9.1 & 9.2) The humerus (1) articulates medially with the scapula (2) through the scapulohumeral joint. The proximal epiphysis shows an intertubercular sulcus…

11 Radius Orientation and general presentation (Figs 11.1 & 11.2) The radius (1) is located on the lateral aspect of the forearm. It articulates with the humerus (2) proximally, the…

17 Tibia Orientation and general presentation (Figs 17.1 & 17.2) The proximal epiphysis of the tibia shows the tibial plateau (1). The plateau has two well-marked edges: one lateral (TLR)…

7 Clavicle Orientation and general presentation (Figs 7.1 & 7.2) The clavicle (1) is a sinuous bone located on the anterior aspect of the shoulder girdle. Its anterior face (2)…

18 Fibula Orientation and general presentation (Figs 18.1 & 18.2) The fibula is lateral and posterior to the tibia. The distal epiphysis (1) is flatter than the proximal epiphysis (2)….

6 Ribs (thorax) Orientation and general presentation (Fig. 6.1) The thorax includes 12 pairs of ribs (1–12; left ribs are numbered in Figure 6.1; the ninth, tenth and 11th left…

16 Patella Orientation and general presentation (Figs 16.1 & 16.2) The patella (1) is a sesamoid bone included in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle. It articulates posteriorly with the…