Heat Illness Considerations in the Military
Fig. 10.1 Incident cases and incidence rates of heat stroke, by source of report and year of diagnosis, active component, US Armed Forces, 2013–2017. (From Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch…
Exhaustion
Etiology Pathophysiology Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion Treatment /management Authors/purpose Observations of humans living in tropical climates, working in industrial settings, and exercising in artificial laboratory environments distinguish two…
Change and Heat Exposure: Impact on Health in Occupational and General Populations
Fig. 12.1 A summary of the potential sources of heat stress, the resulting effects of that heat stress (i.e., heat strain) and the interindividual factors (green circles) and intraindividual factors…
Response to Heat Stress
Fig. 2.1 Theoretical whole-body heat loss (dry + evaporative) responses to rapid increases in metabolic heat production associated with exercise at fixed rates of heat production in the heat (30 °C/86 °F,…
Factors for Exertional Heat Illness
Fig. 3.1 Relationships among variables that influence heat storage and ultimately exertional heat illness (EHI) risk. Activity logistics include time of day, location, and activity programming (e.g., work/rest cycles, duration,…
Aspects of Thermal Tolerance and Exertional Heat Illness Susceptibility
Clinical symptoms (sepsis, septic shock) Reports of EHS cases with clinical symptoms qSOFA: Respiratory rate ≥22/min [1, 3, 8, 13] Altered mentation [1, 3, 8, 13, 16] Systolic blood pressure…
Muscle Cramps
Fig. 6.1 Altered neuromuscular control theory for the pathogenesis of exercise-associated muscle cramps (dashed arrow used for the sole purpose of improving clarity of the “hot and/or humid environmental conditions”…
of Exertional Heat Stroke in Athletics: Interdisciplinary Medical Care
Fig. 9.1 Basic paradigm for the care of exertional heat stroke. (From Belval et al. [9], with permission) Medical professionals in athletic settings are faced with unique challenges for managing…
Heat Illnesses
Characteristics of condition Differential diagnoses Heat syncope Cardiac arrest Exertional heat stroke Heat exhaustion Exercise-associated collapse Definition/pathophysiology Orthostatic dizziness after standing in one place for prolonged time in the heat…
Epidemiology in Rheumatology
Fig. 2.1 Types of variables Continuous variables can exhibit infinite values between the minimum and maximum. For example, WOMAC can take any score from 0 to 2400 mm as in…
