Musculoskeletal Key

Bone biopsy typically involves histopathologic evaluation and microbiologic culture. This two-tiered biopsy approach improves accuracy; however, the results are subjected to variable interpretation leading to clinical uncertainty. Diagnostic accuracy is…

Fig. 9.1 Clinical appearance of ankle joint sepsis The clinical appearance of a septic right ankle and the contralateral unaffected limb are seen. The classical clinical presentation consists of a…

  Classification systems Cierny-Mader staging system for osteomyelitis Stage 1: Medullary osteomyelitis  A Host: healthy Stage 2: superficial osteomyelitis  B Host:  Bs: Systemic compromise  Bl: Local compromise  Bls: Local and…

Fig. 10.1 A 70-y/o male with significant peripheral vascular disease with distal ischemia who presented after revascularization with ankle osteomyelitis. (a, b) X-ray imaging shows diffuse osteopenic changes with nonspecific…

  Joint replacement (%) All fractures (%) Staphylococcus aureus 12–23 30 Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 30–43 22 Gram Negative Bacilli 3–6 10 Anaerobes 2–4 5 Enterococci 3–7 3 Streptococci 9–10 1…

Reference Classification Overview [5], see Table 1.2 “Waldvogel” • Mechanism – Hematogenous – Contiguous – Vascular compromise • Duration – Acute – Chronic [33], see Table 1.3 “Cierny-Mader” • Anatomic – Medullary – Superficial – Localized – Diffuse • Physiologic – Normal host – Compromised…