Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 18.1 PJK/PJF prophylaxis using rib fixation. (a, b) Preoperative AP and lateral radiographs demonstrating iatrogenic flat back deformity with global sagittal imbalance. Preoperative PI–LL mismatch measured 25° (PI =…

Indications Low-grade spondylolisthesis Degenerative disk disease causing discogenic low back pain Recurrent disk herniation with significant mechanical back pain Post-diskectomy interbody space collapse with neuroforaminal stenosis and radiculopathy Recurrent disk…

Fig. 14.1 Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral standing radiographs demonstrating substantial loss of lumbar lordosis and a forward leaning posture. Patient exhibits a large PI-LL mismatch Fig. 14.2 Postoperative anteroposterior and…

Fig. 15.1 (a) The coronal reformats in computed tomography of a lumbar scoliosis patient shows collapsed narrow disc spaces and osteophytes that are almost bridging over the disc space. (b)…

Fig. 1.1 Posteroanterior (a) and lateral (b) full-length X-rays of a 36-year-old woman with known history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with superimposed degenerative changes who presented with low back pain…

Fig. 6.1 Risks mitigated by the preoperative medical evaluation processes of the SSTP The Multidisciplinary Spine Team Conference The SSTP calls for a live, in-person preoperative multidisciplinary evaluation and discussion…

Fig. 3.1 Schematic diagram for sagittal vertical axis (SVA) The incorporation of pelvic parameters led to a fuller understanding of sagittal alignment and its contribution to quality of life outcomes….