Abstract Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a major cause of hip morbidity. However, bony abnormalities within the hip, can have a major role on ipsilateral joints such as the knee and…
Introduction There is no single factor that causes acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. ACL ruptures are therefore considered multifactorial conditions with evidence from both familial and case-control genetic association…
Acknowledgment We acknowledge James S. Starman, Mario Ferretti, Timo Järvelä, and Anthony Buoncristian, the authors of the previous edition, for their great contribution to this chapter. Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament…
Fig. 1 Types of hip fractures (Source: Adapted from Wikipedia Public Domain [WPD]. Accessed 15 April 2016) Greater trochanteric fractures may be caused by direct injury or may occur following…
Males Females N Fracture % ≧1 PR 95 % CI p-value N Fracture ≧1 % PRa 95 % CI p-value Leukemia 1229 42.2 0.91 (0.83–1.00) 0.045 1330 30.4 0.99…
Fig. 1 Official grading sheet for the International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (Source: Courtesy of American Spinal Injury Association, Atlanta, Georgia) Regionalization and Pathophysiology of SCI-Associated…
Drug Recommendations Notes/references Zoledronic acid A single 5 mg IV infusion One major clinical trial demonstrated that ZA was superior to risedronate in increasing lumbar spine BMD over a prospective…
Drug class Mechanism of action Effect on bone Medication concerns Anticoagulants Heparin Both standard and low MW heparin increase bone resorption by reducing osteoprogenetin and favoring RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, as…
Children and adolescents Calcium (daily) Vitamin D (daily) 1 through 3 years 500 mg 200 IUa 4 through 8 years 800 mg 200 IUa 9 through 18 years 1300 mg…
Fig. 1 Mean BMD at the femoral neck by age in the United States, WM white males, WF white females, BM black males, BF black females (Source: Data from Looker…
