Fig. 11.1 Intraoperative physical exam finding of the PCL-deficient knee; a posterior sag of the right tibia in 90° of flexion Radiography The initial diagnostic imaging study should be plain…
Mean measurement ± SD (mm) AL PM Anteroposterior length 8 ± 2 6 ± 1 Width 9 ± 2 10 ± 2 Center from posterior tibial axis (posteroanterior) 7 ± 2 3 ± 1 Center from medial tibial edge 37 ± 4 38 ± 5…
Fig. 26.1 Elongation of the anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) bundles of the PCL with weight-bearing knee flexion from 0° to 135°. PCL—posterior cruciate ligament. ([8] Reprinted with permission from…
Fig. 21.1 The graft-tensioning boot consists of a frame that has a ratcheted torque wrench attached to the frame. The device fits over the surgical foot and leg. (From Fanelli…
Fig. 19.1 Preoperative radiographs in a 12-year-old boy. The diagnosis in this patient is a right knee posterior-cruciate-ligament-based multiple-ligament-injured knee with posterior cruciate ligament tear, posteromedial instability type A, and…
Fig. 17.1 The anatomy of the posterior medial corner including the hamstring tendon attachment (yellow), sMCL (bright green), fascial arm POL (light blue), central arm POL (mid-blue), capsular arm POL…
Fig. 5.1 The active resisted hamstring contraction stress X-ray. The patient is performing an active maximal hamstring contraction against resistance in the lateral position. The X-ray is done during the…
(1) 1250 Broadway Road, 17847 Milton, PA, USA KeywordsPCLRehabilitationKinematicsQuadricepsProtocol Introduction As the techniques to diagnose injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and multiligament injuries have advanced, as well as…
Fig. 22.1 Illustrates standing full-length radiographs. This allows for assessment of varus and determination of mechanical axis Fig. 22.2 Demonstrates the difference between primary, double, and triple varus Fig. 22.3…
Fig. 2.1 a Posterior–anterior view of tibial plateau with PCL attachment marked. Note how the attachment area passes ‘over the back. b Proximal-distal view of tibial plateau with PCL attachment…
