Coronaviruses
Coronaviruses Robert L. Atmar Coronaviruses (CVs) account for 5% to 35% of all upper respiratory tract infections worldwide and are second to the rhinoviruses as a cause of the common…
Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections
Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections Randall G. Fisher MISCELLANEOUS GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI Aerococcus The genus Aerococcus contains four species: A. viridans, A. urinae, A. christensenii sp. nov, and A. sanguicola sp. nov. The…
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Theresa J. Ochoa Thomas G. Cleary Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes gastroenteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. It also mimics Kawasaki disease and rarely causes septicemia. ETIOLOGY Y. pseudotuberculosis belongs to the…
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Yersinia Enterocolitica Theresa J. Ochoa Thomas G. Cleary Yersinia enterocolitica produces acute gastroenteritis in younger children and mesenteric adenitis in older children. It also has been associated with a variety…
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Jeffrey R. Starke Tuberculosis remains the most important chronic infectious disease in the world in terms of morbidity, mortality, and cost. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide are infected…
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Jeffrey R. Starke Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae are known by several names, including nontuberculous, atypical, unclassified, environmental, and opportunistic mycobacteria. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is…
Group A Streptococcal Infections
Group A Streptococcal Infections Julia A. McMillan Ralph D. Feigin MICROBIOLOGY Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is a gram-positive coccus that produces clear (beta) hemolysis on blood agar. This bacteriologic…
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcal Infections Christian C. Patrick Umbereen S. Nehal Ralph D. Feigin Staphylococci are ubiquitous bacteria that colonize and are pathogenic for humans and animals. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen…
