Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases Kenneth L. McClain LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS Epidemiology The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is approximately 5 per million children or 1 in 25,000 live births. Based…
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Germ cell tumors (GCT) constitute 1% of cancers in children less than 15 years of age. Located mostly close…
Malignant Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Endocrine System Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Whereas metastases from pediatric tumors to sites within gastrointestinal (GI) tract are relatively common,…
Malignant Bone Tumors Murali M. Chintagumpala The optimal management for malignant bone tumors arising in children involves a multidisciplinary approach using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and rehabilitative therapy. Early diagnosis…
Retinoblastoma Murali M. Chintagumpala EPIDEMIOLOGY Retinoblastoma is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the retina of young children. Retinoblastoma is the seventh most common pediatric malignancy in the United States….
Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Murali M. Chintagumpala The soft-tissue sarcomas form a diverse group of malignant neoplasms that arise from embryonal mesenchyma. As a group, these tumors are rare in children, and…
Neuroblastoma Douglas R. Strother Heidi V. Russell Neuroblastic tumors, which include neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma, develop from neural crest tissue. They cover a spectrum from highly malignant to benign in…
Wilms Tumor Murali M. Chintagumpala Wilms tumor is a malignant embryonal neoplasm of the kidney of mixed cellular histology. The incidence remains remarkably constant, with 8.1 cases per million white…
Malignant Brain Tumors Murali M. Chintagumpala Primary brain tumors are the second most common type of cancer reported in children and adolescents. In the United States, the annual incidence of…
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Kenneth L. McClain EPIDEMIOLOGY Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) represent 6% of all tumors in the pediatric age group and are the fifth most frequent. The incidence per million children…
