Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 17.1 The stages of somitogenesis. Development occurs in a craniocaudal order. The more cranially placed somites (at the lower right of the figure) are further developed than those caudally…

Fig. 26.1 Schematic drawing of the skeletal muscle organization Most of the skeletal muscles are derived from somatic mesoderm. In the embryo, a muscle fiber is formed by the fusion…

Fig. 36.1 The soft tissue mass appearances at the distal part of the forearm Before the diagnosis of primary lesion, a portion of the patients may refer with signs of…

Fig. 43.1 Posterior view of shoulder. The anterior and posterior branches of axillary nerve are seen Posterior Approach This approach provides good access to the lower three-fourths of the humerus….

Fig. 25.1 The meniscus is a semilunar fibrocartilaginous structure Traumatic injury and/or degenerative changes disrupt the mechanical function of these tissues. These changes can lead to the early onset and…

If the nutritional index is equal to zero or negative, oral or parenteral hyperalimentation must be given. If a patient loses more than 5 kg of weight before an elective…

Fig. 6.1 Muscle architecture PCSA of a muscle is calculated using the formula Muscles with small pennation angle and long muscle fiber size (e.g. hamstrings and tibialis anterior) provide large…

Fig. 33.1 Bone strength consists of bone density and bone quality Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture….

Fig. 19.1 A monolateral external fixator showing progressive destabilization process for enhancing fracture healing, before (a) and after (b) removal of some components of the external fixator Introduction Fracture healing…

Fig. 23.1 Basic concept of tissue engineering. The use of a combination of cells, scaffolds, and growth factors improves or restores biological function Anatomy of the Cartilage, Subchondral Bone, and…