Imaging of Stress Fractures
Fig. 5.1 Early stress response on radiography. (a) Frontal radiograph of the forefoot shows focal osteopenia of the lateral cortex of the distal second metatarsal shaft (white arrow) and periostitis…
Stress Fractures of the Patella
Author Year Sex Age Unilateral or bilateral Fracture type Fracture location Sport Treatment Devas 1960 M 23 U Longitudinal Lateral facet Running Fragment excision Devas 1960 M 28 U Transverse…
Stress Fractures of the Calcaneus, Sesamoids, and Metatarsals
Fig. 13.1 Lateral radiograph of a classic stress fracture in the posterior body of the calcaneus approximately 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms in a long distance runner Fig….
Stress Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal
Fig. 11.1 An illustration of the three different zones of the proximal fifth metatarsal [2]. Reprinted with permission from Dameron TB Jr. Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal: Selecting the…
Stress Fractures of the Femur
• Training errors • Sudden increase in exercise intensity and/or frequency • Poor footwear • Leg length discrepancy • Coxa vara • Pes cavus • Insufficient energy intake • Low…
Stress Fractures of the Ribs and Girdle
Weight bearer (n = 12) Rower and axial rotator (n = 21) Overhead thrower (n = 16) Weight lifter (n = 24) Miscellaneous (n = 7) Olecranon (1) First rib (2) Clavicle (2) Acromion (4) Phalanx (1) Scapula (1) Ulnar…
Stress Fractures of the Pelvis
Fig. 7.1 An 18-year-old collegiate track and field athlete with a left sacral stress fracture. (a, b) The anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral spine do not show…
Upper Extremity Stress Fractures
Fig. 15.1 A 19-year-old collegiate volleyball player with right elbow pain for 5 months. He attempted two courses of 4 weeks of rest with return of symptoms before diagnosis of…
Insufficiency Fractures
Major risk factors Minor risk factors Vertebral compression fracture Rheumatoid arthritis Fragility fracture after age 40 Past history of hyperthyroidism Family history of osteoporotic fracture Chronic anticonvulsant therapy Systemic glucocorticoid…
Stress Fractures of the Ankle
Fig. 12.1 (a) Mortise ankle radiograph in a 35-year-old female recreational runner with 3 months of left ankle pain. The patient was diagnosed with a lateral malleolar stress fracture. Notice…
