Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 18.1 (a) In some ways the extensor mechanism under load is like a drawn bow: When the energy in the bow is released, the ends spring apart and the…

Lesion type Frequency* Cause Reference Femoral avulsion 1/48 – [8] 1/16 Osteopenic patient [3] Mid-substance 24/48 – [8] 1/8 Transection with saw during tibial cut [9] 7/7 Unknown, possibly due…

Author Year of publication Type of implant Preoperative knee alignment Method of stress Degree of knee flexion Stress direction Angles between the femoral and tibial components (degrees) Intraoperative 3 weeks…

Fig. 20.1 Blood supply to the extensor mechanism (From Pawar et al. [6]. With kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media.) Superior lateral genicular artery, inferior lateral genicular artery,…

Fig. 11.1 Osteophytes removal with a curved osteotome Fig. 11.2 Release of the posterior capsule We can either use a custom femorotibial spreader or a femoral suspension device introduced in…

Fig. 10.1 Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of valgus knee demonstrating the biplanar (frontal and sagittal) bone wear of the lateral tibial plateau (red dotted lines) with distraction of the medial…

Fig. 5.1 Resection of medial femoral osteophytes that placed the MCL under tension. Medial dissection of the tibia is minimized because only osteophytes need to be resected 5.3 Preparation of…

Fig. 8.1 A right femur (left) and kinematically aligned TKA (right) shows the relationships between the three kinematic axes of the knee and the joint lines of the distal and…

Fig. 12.1 Deep knee flexion activities including kneeling, squatting, and sitting cross-legged are considered crucial to people in this region (a) His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and…

(1) Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium   3.1 Introduction ‘Kinematics’ is a term often used in orthopaedics, unfortunately not always in the correct sense of the word. The term ‘kinematics’ is…