Section I Evaluation and Management
Alvin H. Crawford, Patrick J. Cahill, and Jason B. Anari Summary The clinical and radiographic evaluation of the pediatric patient with spinal deformity starts with a thorough history to…
Section I Evaluation and Management
René M. Castelein and Jack C. Y. Cheng Summary Despite many years of dedicated research into the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, not one single cause for this classic…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Kevin Wang, Michael G. Vitale, Elle MacAlpine, and John M. “Jack” Flynn Summary The aviation and sports industries have demonstrated the value of dedicated, experienced teams to improve the…
Section I Evaluation and Management
T. Barrett Sullivan and Peter O. Newton Summary Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has long been understood as a three-dimensional (3D) deformity. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques have historically been limited…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Joseph M. Lombardi and Lawrence G. Lenke Summary This chapter serves to educate the reader on the historical evolution, modern-day systems, and future applications of classification systems for the…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Carl-Eric Aubin and David W. Polly, Jr. Summary Scoliosis was classically seen as only a coronal plane deformity, but we now know this deformity is much more complex and…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Michael G. Vitale and Benjamin Roye Summary Although the nonsurgical management of scoliosis has a history that extends back hundreds, if not thousands, of years, the interest and evidence…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Kenny Kwan and Kenneth M.C. Cheung Summary The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has come from epidemiological and school screening studies. This chapter explores the benefits and limitations…
Section I Evaluation and Management
Dainn Woo, Thomas J. Errico, and Harry L. Shufflebarger Summary The history of scoliosis treatment can be traced to antiquity but has seen rapid development over the past 100…
