Musculoskeletal Key

Functional Spinal Rehabilitation Lorraine Hendry BSc(PT), MCPA, FCAMT Key Points Low back pain affects up to 80% of the population at least once in their lifetime. The term core stabilization…

Scapulothoracic Dysfunction, Burners, Stingers, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, and Miscellaneous Nerve Injuries Marc R. Safran MD Anthony C. Luke MD, MPH Key Points The scapula is a triangular, flat bone that…

Head Injuries and Concussion Andrew D. Pearle MD Ronnie Barnes ATC Russell F. Warren MD Key Points Traumatic events can lead to both primary injuries [e.g., scalp lacerations, intracranial bleeds,…

The Thoracolumbar Spine Donald Chow MD, FRCSC, Dipl Sports Med Key Points The majority of thoracolumbar spine injuries arising from low-velocity sports usually are less catastrophic than some of the…

Cervical Spine Injuries in the Athlete Rahul Banerjee MD Michael P. Bradley MD Mark A. Palumbo MD Paul D. Fadale MD Key Points Football, ice hockey, rugby, skiing, snowboarding, and…

Skeletal Muscle and Tendon Thomas M. Best MD, PhD, FACSM John J. Wilson MD Key Points Skeletal muscle has a complex organization of nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue matrix…

Articular Cartilage: A Brief Review of its Structure, Function, and Repair Wayne H. Akeson MD William Bugbee MD Key Points Few mechanical devices even remotely approach the durability and efficiency…

Meniscus Julie A. Dodds Md Steven P. Arnoczky DVM, Dipl ACUS Key Points Once described as functionless remains of leg muscle, the menisci are now realized to be integral components…

Periarticular Ligamentous Tissue: A Biochemical and Physiologic Assessment David Amiel PhD Sakae Sano MD, PhD Key Points Although tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of fibrillar collagens, they have entirely…