17 Biomechanics of the Foot
10.1055/b-0036-140432 17 Biomechanics of the Foot The foot has static, kinematic, and dynamic functions. It carries the weight of the body, which is distributed roughly equally to both feet in…
1 Basic Concepts from Physics and Mechanics
10.1055/b-0036-140416 1 Basic Concepts from Physics and Mechanics Basic concepts like force, torque (also termed moment of force, or, for short, just moment), mechanical stress, energy, or work are unambiguously…
16 Mechanical Aspects of the Shoulder
10.1055/b-0036-140431 16 Mechanical Aspects of the Shoulder The upper extremity is designed to fulfill a large variety of tasks. The “link chain” of upper arm, lower arm, and hand permits…
13 Mechanical Aspects of the Hip Joint
10.1055/b-0036-140428 13 Mechanical Aspects of the Hip Joint Healthy human beings take between one hundred thousand and several million steps per year, and peak values of the load on the…
4 Vector Algebra
10.1055/b-0036-140419 4 Vector Algebra Some physical quantities are comprehensively described by a single number, in some cases in combination with a positive or negative sign. Such quantities are termed scalars….
12 Determination of Joint Load in a Model Calculation
10.1055/b-0036-140427 12 Determination of Joint Load in a Model Calculation Joint load is the name given to the force acting between the articulating bones. A knowledge of this force is…
8 Mechanical Properties of Bone and Cartilage
10.1055/b-0036-140423 8 Mechanical Properties of Bone and Cartilage An organism composed only of soft tissues could survive without great problems in the ocean. When living on the land or in…
14 Mechanical Aspects of the Knee Joint
10.1055/b-0036-140429 14 Mechanical Aspects of the Knee Joint 14.1 Features Common to All Joints: The Example of the Knee Joint Irrespective of the diversity of their outward appearance, the movable…
9 Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle
10.1055/b-0036-140424 9 Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle Muscles are biological machines that convert chemical energy, derived from the reaction between food substrate and oxygen, into mechanical work and heat….
