The Pediatric Patient
Fig. 3.1 A 9-year-old child sustained a lower leg and femur fracture on the right side; both fractures were aligned and the original leg length was achieved. Despite a short…
Spine Fractures
Fig. 8.1 Sagittal and coronal computed tomography (CT) reformations of the thoracic spine. The arrows point to the severely injured T9–10 segment. Vertical distraction injury is present resulting in severe…
Compartment Syndrome
Fracture Anticoagulation/bleeding diatheses Soft tissue injury IV fluid extravasation Dialysis/nephrotic syndrome Burns Snake bites Revascularization Exercise induced Tight casts/dressingsa Crush injurya Pneumatic antishock garmentsa aSource of external compression The use…
Shock and Coagulopathy
Category Mechanism Treatment Hemorrhagic Loss of circulating blood volume Intravascular volume replacement Restore O2 carrying capacity Traumatic Loss of circulating blood volume with tissue injury and release of DAMPs Control…
Closed Fractures and Dislocations
Fig. 11.1 Trauma patient. The figure depicts a trauma patient with multisystem pathology. Such patients can have numerous orthopaedic injuries and management of these injuries needs to be in accordance…
Pelvic Fractures
Fig. 7.1 Type A pelvic ring injuries. The pelvic ring is mechanically stable Fig. 7.2 Type B pelvic ring injuries. The pelvic ring is rotationally unstable but the posterior SI…
Femur Fractures
Fig. 6.1 These are examples of inadequate plain radiographs of a femur fracture. (a) AP radiograph; (b) lateral radiograph. As the knee joint is not included on the radiograph, a…
Open Fractures and Limb Salvage
Fig. 9.1 Algorithm for the acute management of open fractures (Used with permission from Slack Orthopedics: Mauffrey et al. [116]) Initial Debridement Timing In 2009, the guidelines on the management…
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome and the Open Abdomen
Fig. 15.1 Increased abdominal pressure affects multiple organ systems Intra-abdominal hypertension also has a direct compressive effect on the renal system. This results in a relative obstruction to renal venous…
The Geriatric Patient
Fig. 4.1 (a) Absolute growth of elderly population in the United States, subdivided by age group. From 2000 to 2050, the population of persons over the age of 65 in…
