Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 12.1 Entry portal in antegrade nailing when a curved nail will be inserted The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery originate posteriorly and wind round the surgical…

Fig. 13.1 A 61-years old male suffers a grade II open olecranon fracture after a fall from the stairs. (a, b) Grade II open olecranon fracture. Anteroposterior and lateral view….

Fig. 15.1 (a–c) Preoperative anteroposterior, oblique and lateral radiographs of a 32 year old patient with a displaced fracture of the fifth metacarpal neck of the right hand. (d, e)…

Fig. 17.1 An 88-year old lady sustained a right hip fracture by stumbling from a single stair. (a) The preoperative pelvic overview shows an unstable pertrochanteric fracture, AO/OTA classification 32-A2….

Fig. 5.1 A computerized navigation tool for determining femoral version and rotational reduction. As proximally the center of the femoral head and the greater trochanteric tip are marked, distally the…

Nutrient artery: blood supply of the inner 2/3 of the cortical bone Periosteal arterial vessels: blood supply of the outer 1/3 of the cortical bone Venous system = capacity vessels = venous pooling Veins…

Fig. 4.1 Sequence of locking/‘backslap technique’. Backslap technique for avoiding fragment diastasis. (a) Schematic drawing of a midshaft fracture with a bending wedge. (b) Friction between the nail and the…

Fig. 1.1 A case from Bircher [4], the ivory peg was removed and the fracture went on to union During the turn of the century, as Europeans explored the tropics,…

Displacement of the two main fragments of more than shaft diameter Comminution Clavicle shortening of more than 1.5 cm compared to uninjured side Angulation of more than 30° Open fractures…

Fig. 8.1 Example of intramedullary nail fixation in a proximal tibia fracture with severe primary valgus deformity and distraction in the fracture site An accurately placed entry point for any…