Motion Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Internal rotation External rotation Range in degrees 110–120 0–15 30–50 30 30–40 40–60 The majority of the range-of-motion testing can easily be performed with the…
Fig. 13.1 MRI arthrogram of the hip demonstrating a small superior labral tear 13.2 Introduction The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of some of the more…
Fig. 14.1 Right hip DJD with joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis 14.2 Epidemiology Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability. A progressive…
Region Sagittal Frontal/coronal Transverse/rotational Foot Toe flex/ext Pronation/supination Adduction/abduction Ankle Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion Varus/valgus Tibia Internal/external torsion Knee Flex/extension Varum/valgum Femur Internal/external rotation Hip Flex/extension Adduction/abduction Pelvis Ant/post tilt Elevated/depressed…
Fig. 3.1 Standing flexion test in neutral (left) and forward (right) flexion. Note elevated right thumb with forward flexion while monitoring PSIS, signifying a positive standing flexion test on the…
Fig. 9.1 Heterotopic ossification of the right hip. An irregular linear lucency is seen in the subcapital region. (a) AP view of the right hip. (b) Lateral view of right…
• Aluminum • Aromatase inhibitors • Anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate) • Cytotoxic drugs • Ethanol (excess use) • Glucocorticoids • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists • Heparin (long-term use) • Lithium •…
Fig. 4.1 Clinical scapular examination algorithm (Modified from Cools et al. 2014, Br J Sports Med) Visual Observation The scapula must be directly visualized during the examination. One common mistake…
Fig. 6.1 (a) The empty-can position for testing. (b) The scapular retraction position for testing. The arm is in the empty-can position. The scapula is lightly held in retraction by…
Fig. 8.1 Right clavicle fracture yielding scapula repositioning It appears that union of the bone ends is not the sole or even major factor in optimal outcomes of clavicle fractures….
