Y Yerkes–Dodson law see inverted-U hypothesis. yips a movement disorder that can affect sports performers, seen particularly in golfers but also in cricketers and darts players, involving uncontrollable movements of…
X X-rays short-wavelength electromagnetic ionizing radiation, which can penetrate the body structures to varying degrees. Discovered in 1895 by Wilmhelm Röntgen, a German physicist (the very first X-ray photograph showed…
N navicular bone the boat-shaped tarsal bone on the medial side of the foot in front of the talus (ankle bone), with which its concave posterior surface articulates. Stress fractures…
T tachycardia rapid heart rate. tachypnoea rapid breathing. In most situations when ventilation increases, there is normally an increase in both depth and frequency of breathing. Increase in frequency alone…
U ulna larger of the two forearm bones, articulating at the elbow with the humerus and at the wrist with the carpal bones. ulnar adj in descriptions of forearm structures:…
H habit (1) a tendency to behave in a certain way; (2) a well-learned behavioural response associated with a particular stimulus or situation, typically evoked without conscious intention. habituation the…
Q Q (quadriceps)-angle the angle between the long axis of the femur (and thus the line of pull of the quadriceps) and the line of the patellar tendon (extended upwards);…
I iceberg profile in sport psychology, a proposed ideal profile of moodstate for elite performers, characterized by low scores on negative moods (specifically tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion) and…
B back injury injury to the back may affect the bones (vertebral column including the sacrum, also the ilium or the ribs), muscles and ligaments. Sport-related back injuries include fractures…
J Jacobson’s muscular relaxation see relaxation. javelin thrower’s elbow see epicondyles. jaw injury injury to the bones of the face which carry the teeth: the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible…
