13 The Spine and the Mind Psychosomatic Processes 313 The Effect of Disk Disease on the Mind   Mind–Body Interactions as Described   (Somatopsychic Changes) 317 in the Literature 313…

14 Back School The Biomechanical Principles Of Back School 321 Standing 326 Sitting 323 Lying 327 Back school (ryggskola in Swedish, Rückenschule in German) was introduced in Sweden in 1969…

15 Exercise in a Pain-Free Range of Motion Exercise and Nociception 331 EPFRM Units 333 Which Exercises are Suitable? 332     The concept of exercise in a pain-free range…

10 Thoracic Syndrome Definition and Prevalence 127 Intercostal Neuralgia 129 Special Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Patho–   Differential Diagnosis 129 anatomy of the Thoracic Motion Segments 127 Treatment 130 Classification 128…

12 Natural Course and Prognosis of Intervertebral Disk Diseases Pathoanatomical Changes of the   Disk Disease over the Course of Life 306 Intervertebral Disk 308 The Spontaneous Course of Acute…

16 Sports Introduction and Literature 337 Sporting Activities that are Good and Bad for the   Sports and the Cervical Spine 337 Intervertebral Disks 338 Sports and the Lumbar Spine…

5 Nondegenerative Disk Diseases Developmental Disturbances 33 Involvement of the Intervertebral Disks   Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders 36 in Systemic Illness 37 Tumors 37      Developmental Disturbances Notochord Remnants…

7 Traumatology Etiologies and Types of Spinal Injury, and the   Isolated Traumatic Disk Rupture 60 Role of Pre-existing Degenerative Changes 59 Vertebral Body Fracture with Injury of the Sprains…

2 History and Terminology History 3 Terminology 5  History Spinal degenerative changes and intervertebral disk diseases are as old as humanity itself. Skeletal remains from all periods, from the era…

3 Epidemiology Lifetime Prevalence 11 Point and Annual Prevalence 11 Localization and Frequency 11 International Figures 12  Lifetime Prevalence Disk-related complaints, particularly low back pain, are very common. Almost all…