Core muscles provide stability that allows generation of force and motion in the lower extremities, as well as distributing impact forces and allowing controlled and efficient body movements. Imbalances or…
More than 80% of runners are out of alignment. The standard back examination should include assessment of pelvic alignment. An awareness of pelvic malalignment and the the malalignment syndrome is…
Running biomechanics play an important role in the development of injuries. Performing a running biomechanics analysis on injured runners can help to develop treatment strategies. This article provides a framework…
The popularity of running among young athletes has significantly increased over the past few decades. As the number of children who participate in running increases, so do the potential number…
Ultramarathon runners are a relatively small and unique group of distance runners with somewhat different medical issues than other distance runners. This article outlines some of those differences so that…
Female participation in running is at a historical high. Special consideration should be given to this population, in whom suboptimal nutritional intake, menstrual irregularity, and bone stress injury are common….
Foot and ankle injuries account for nearly one-third of running injuries. Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciopathy, and ankle sprains are 3 of the most common types of injuries sustained during training….
Exertional leg pain is a common condition seen in runners and the general population. Given the broad differential diagnosis of this complaint, this article focuses on the incidence, anatomy, pathophysiology,…
Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common running injuries and may occur at a rate of 20% annually. Both biological and biomechanical risk factors contribute to BSI. Evaluation of a runner…
When considering knee pain in runners, clinicians differentiate sources of symptoms and determine their cause. Knee problems arise when a runner increases the amount/frequency of the loading through the lower…
