Running on the Field Richard Hawkins MD Key Points When entering the field for an injury, the doctor and training staff are often required to make quick decisions. Prior contact…

Instability of the Ankle Murray J. Penner MD, FRCSC Key Points Ankle instability, from the patient’s perspective, is a sense of “giving way” or a feeling that the ankle is…

Ligamentous Lisfranc Joint Injuries: Leg/Ankle/Foot: Midfoot Injuries, Lisfranc Michael S. Aronow MD Key Points The tarsometatarsal (TMT), or Lisfranc, joints consist of the five metatarsals and their articulation with the…

Stress Fractures in Athletes Kurt P. Spindler MD Michael S. George MD Christopher C. Kaeding MD Annunziato Amendola MD Key Points Stress fractures behave differently according to their anatomical site…

High Tibial Osteotomy Tim Spalding MB, BS, FRCS Orth Price A.M. Gallie MB, BS, FRACS Key Points High tibial osteotomy remains one of the important options for surgical treatment of…

Stress Fractures of the Athletic Leg, Ankle, and Foot Donald R. Bohay MD, FACS Jonathan P. Cornelius MD John G. Anderson MD Key Points Military personnel are more prone to…

Chronic Compartment Syndrome Robert A. Pedowitz MD, PhD Derek W. Weichel BS Key Points Compartment syndrome is a condition of elevated pressure within a space bounded by bone and/or fascia…

Chondral Injuries in the Knee F. Alan Barber MD, FACS Key Points Articular cartilage is a smooth, viscoelastic, hypocellular structure that provides a low coefficient of friction. The treatment of…

Cartilage Transplantation Alberto Gobbi MD Ramces A. Francisco MD Key Points Properties that are unique to articular cartilage enable an almost frictionless joint movement and afford protection to the underlying…

Tendon Disorders William D. Stanish MD, FRCSC, FACS Horacio Yepes MD Amro Al-Hibshi Mbchb, FRCSC Key Points Chronic tendon disorders are widely called tendinosis. Inflammatory response to trauma seems most…