Group Bladder weight (g) Sectional area of muscle fibers (μm2) Percentage of connective tissue (%) α-SMA activity (IOD) A 0.138 ± 0.019 7,265.86 ± 114.36 12.08 ± 1.45 0.96 ± 0.03 B 0.286 ± 0.025 5,156.31 ± 310.42 18.47 ± 1.32 0.85 ± 0.10 C 0.362 ± 0.018…
Fig. 7.1 Illustration of the tendon-spinal cord-bladder artificial reflex arc in canines 7.2.2.2 Electrophysiologic Examination The dogs were examined under anesthesia at the set postoperative times (6 months and 18…
Fig. 8.1 Creation of microsurgical anastomoses between the T10 and S2 ventral roots The patients were moved to rehabilitation clinics 2 weeks after surgery. Patient follow-up was scheduled 6, 12,…
Fig. 6.1 Schematic diagram of selective sacral rhizotomy (a) group A; (b) group B; (c) group C; (d) group D 6.2.2.2 Operation Procedure Proceed with intravenous anesthesia with 25 mg/kg…
Country Author(s) of published data Observation period Prevalence per million population Australia O’Connor [2] 1997 681 Finland (Helsinki) Dahlberg [3] 1999 280 Norway (Hordaland and Sogn og Flordane) Hagen [4]…
N Bladder capacity (ml) Bladder pressure (KPa) Urethral pressure (KPa) Residual volume (ml) Urine culture (+) Urine return Urinary tract infection Renal damage A 6 300 ± 100 7 ± 2 6 ± 1 40 ± 10 0…
Implant (year of FDA approval) Material Bearing surface Articulations Constraint COR Fixation Cervical ProDisc-C (2007) CoCrMo Metal on polymer 1 Semiconstrained Fixed Midline keel bone ingrowth UHMWPE Prestige (2007) Stainless…
Fig. 17.1 Typical MRI appearance of large sacral chordoma 17.3 Clinical Features Patients diagnosed with a chordoma most commonly present with pain, regardless of location (Bergh et al. 2000; Boriani…
Date range www.pubmed.gov www.ors.org 2011 7 5 2006–2010 26 11 2001–2005 7 3 1996–2000 8 0 1991–1995 6 na >1990 4 na Survey of the number of intervertebral disc organ…
Fig. 4.1 Immunolocalization of aggrecan (a), versican (b), and toluidine blue-stained proteoglycan (c) in a 14-week gestational age fetal human intervertebral disc and adjacent cartilaginous vertebral body rudiment cartilages. Higher-power…
