Morphologic Development of the Kidney Laura S. Finn The development of the kidney is a complex and well-coordinated process relying on the integration of cellular proliferation, programmed cell death, migration,…
Hemangiomas and Other Vascular Tumors of Infancy Denise W. Metry The most common tumors of infancy are benign vascular lesions. Before 1982, the term “hemangioma” was used to encompass a…
Splenic Cysts Tom Jaksic Sid Johnson EPIDEMIOLOGY Splenic cysts are uncommon occurrences. They may be found incidentally or may be associated with left upper-quadrant pain, infection, hemorrhage, and unexplained splenomegaly….
Vascular Malformations Denise W. Metry Mary L. Brandt The nomenclature used to describe vascular birthmarks has long been a source of confusion in the medical literature. A biologic classification system…
Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases Kenneth L. McClain LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS Epidemiology The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is approximately 5 per million children or 1 in 25,000 live births. Based…
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Germ cell tumors (GCT) constitute 1% of cancers in children less than 15 years of age. Located mostly close…
Malignant Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Endocrine System Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Whereas metastases from pediatric tumors to sites within gastrointestinal (GI) tract are relatively common,…
Malignant Bone Tumors Murali M. Chintagumpala The optimal management for malignant bone tumors arising in children involves a multidisciplinary approach using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and rehabilitative therapy. Early diagnosis…
Retinoblastoma Murali M. Chintagumpala EPIDEMIOLOGY Retinoblastoma is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the retina of young children. Retinoblastoma is the seventh most common pediatric malignancy in the United States….
