Musculoskeletal Key

Introduction A knee dislocation injury is a rare but potentially devastating injury. The definition of knee dislocation includes the grossly unstable knee, with a minimum of two of the four…

Acknowledgments We acknowledge Fotios Paul Tjoumakaris, Anthony Buoncristiani, and James S. Starman, the authors of the previous edition, for their great contribution to this chapter. Introduction Restoration of the native…

Introduction While surgical interventions for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury continue to be advanced and perfected, the ability to percutaneously introduce novel biologic substrates to the site of pathology is…

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in recreational and competitive sporting activities. According to an ongoing study in the United States, an estimated 200,000 ACL reconstructions (ACLRs) are…

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common procedure, with over 100,000 procedures performed annually in patients who have an active lifestyle and who are unable to continue with…

Introduction This chapter will describe a technique that provides the highest strength known graft for use in revision and high-risk primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), while allowing flexibility for…

Introduction Tibial side fixation of soft tissue grafts has been challenging because the line of pull on the graft in the tibia is parallel to the axis of the tunnel…

Abstract Tibial fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction continues to remain the weak link biomechanically with any anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Unlike the early mechanical fit that can be…