Chapter Outline Overview 167 Developmental Anatomy 167 Unique Characteristics 168 Cervical Deformity: Torticollis 169 Cervical Kyphosis 191 Cervical Lordosis 200 Cervical Instability 200 Overview The pediatric cervical spine is subject…
Chapter Outline Tumors of the Musculoskeletal System 1079 Tumors of the Musculoskeletal System Tumors of the musculoskeletal system present a variety of challenges. The pediatric orthopaedist manages many benign tumors…
Chapter Outline Incidence 666 Etiology 666 Clinical Features 666 Radiographic Findings 667 Pathophysiology 668 Biomechanics 669 Treatment 669 Congenital coxa vara is a developmental abnormality characterized by a primary cartilaginous…
Chapter Outline Spondylolisthesis 328 Lumbar Disk Herniation 349 Slipped Vertebral Apophysis 353 Transitional Vertebra (Bertolotti) Syndrome 354 Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis is defined as the forward slippage of one vertebra on its…
Chapter Outline Femoral Anteversion 678 Snapping Iliotibial Band Syndrome 681 Femoral Anteversion The clinical significance of femoral anteversion is controversial. The contribution of excessive anteversion to childhood intoeing is accepted,…
Chapter Outline Recognizing Deformities 25 Joint Range of Motion 27 Muscle Strength 43 Neurologic Assessment 44 This chapter covers virtually all aspects of the general musculoskeletal and neuromuscular examination of…
Chapter Outline Normal Growth and Development 3 Disorders of Normal Growth and Development 3 Evolution of Proportionate Body Size 5 Physical Growth 5 Developmental Milestones 6 This chapter on growth…
Chapter Outline Abnormal Gait Patterns in Children 79 Special Considerations Based on Age Group 81 Differential Diagnosis of Limping in Children 82 Limping is common in children, and it may…
