Patients with shoulder pain or injuries not infrequently have concomitant neurologic conditions, and orthopedic surgeons caring for such patients must be aware of them. In addition, the practice of reconstructive…
The first detailed case report of a sternoclavicular (SC) joint injury appeared as early as 1843, and numerous related articles were published in the late nineteenth century. However, it was…
The shoulder is a complex articulation consisting of the glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic joint, and acromioclavicular joint. During normal shoulder elevation, there is a balance of motion between these articulations driven…
The scapula is quite important in the functioning of the upper extremity. Lying over the posterior chest wall, it is an integral part of the connection between the upper extremity…
Musculoskeletal disorders can be characterized as “work-related diseases.” The World Health Organization (WHO) has described these diseases as multifactorial, with work contributing significantly, although not exclusively, to their causation. The…
Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) remain challenging to the treating orthopedist in both their initial diagnosis and classification and in their corresponding management. They account for approximately 5% of all fractures,…
From the first days in medical school, physicians are taught that establishing a correct diagnosis depends on obtaining a meaningful and detailed medical history from the patient. This requires the…
We are faced with a paradox in shoulder anatomy. Knowledge regarding the details of shoulder anatomy has increased along with knowledge regarding its clinical significance. However, our exposure is decreasing….
Radiographic evaluation of the shoulder requires a minimum of two views of the area that are perpendicular to each other. The shoulder is a complicated anatomic unit made up of…
Shoulder sepsis can have a devastating impact on shoulder function, particularly if diagnosis and treatment are delayed or inadequate. The general principles in the pathogenesis of shoulder sepsis are similar…
