Meniscus Biomechanics
Introduction The biomechanical properties of the menisci have been extensively studied. Once thought to be a functionless structure akin to an embryonic remnant, it is now recognised that the menisci…
Anterolateral Ligament and the Anterolateral Corner
Introduction After the ‘rediscovery’ of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) by Claes et al. in 2013, there was considerable controversy regarding whether this structure even existed. Several authors reported that they were…
Posterolateral Corner of the Knee
Anatomy and Function The lateral aspect of the knee is composed of 28 unique structures that act as static and dynamic stabilisers of the knee during varus and rotational motion….
Multiligament Knee Injuries
Introduction Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are a challenging clinical entity because of the increased number of ligaments involved, associated injuries, diagnosis, decision making about the optimal treatment and rehabilitation. These…
Computed Tomography of the Knee Joint: Indications and Significance
Three-Dimensional Modelling and Printing in the Complex Knee There is a rapidly growing interest in three-dimensional (3D) modelling and printing in orthopaedic surgery. Advancements in imaging technology with the advent…
Repair and Reconstruction of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament and the Posteromedial Corner
Introduction This chapter describes the clinical background for medial knee instability and the indications for surgical treatment of medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posteromedial corner injuries. Historically, treatment of acute…
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Introduction The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the largest and strongest ligament in the knee, with a unique innate healing capacity. Therefore, as opposed to other ligaments such as the…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anatomy Two functional bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL), were first described in 1836 ( Fig. 6.1 ). On the femoral insertion site,…
Mechanical Malalignment of the Knee Joint: How and When to Address
Introduction Complex knee injuries are an orthopaedic problem that require knowledge not only of soft tissue anatomy but also lower limb biomechanics and alignment to establish an appropriate management plan…
Plain Radiography of the Knee
Acknowledgement The authors thank Dr John W. Read for his contribution to this chapter in giving permission and rights to many of the images, which are taken from the book…
