Evaluation of the Medical Literature
Evaluation of the Medical Literature Mininder S. Kocher INTRODUCTION Evaluation of the medical literature is an essential task of the pediatric orthopaedic surgeon in order to evaluate the efficacy of…
Embryology and Development of the Neuromuscular Apparatus
Embryology and Development of the Neuromuscular Apparatus José A. Morcuende James O. Sanders INTRODUCTION The development of an adult organism from a single cell is an unparalleled example of integrated…
Genetic Aspects of Orthopaedic Conditions
Genetic Aspects of Orthopaedic Conditions José A. Morcuende Benjamin A. Alman A genetic and molecular revolution is happening in medicine. Led by the Human Genome Project, genetic information and concepts…
Basic Rehabilitation Exercises
Basic Rehabilitation Exercises 22.1 Shoulder Range of Motion Figure 22.1 Pendulum exercises: Have pt bend forward at the waist with the upper trunk supported by the unaffected arm resting on…
Other Medical Problems
Other Medical Problems 21.1 Overtraining (Staleness) Phy Sportsmed 2003;31:25; Phy Sportsmed 2001;29:35; Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;30:1173; Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1146; Sports Med 1998;30:1140; Sports Med 2000;32:317; Sports Med…
Infectious Disease
Infectious Disease 20.1 Acute Febrile Illness Phy Sportsmed 1996;24:44; Phy Sportsmed 1999;27:47; The Team Physician Handbook. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby 1997;225 Cause: Viral or bacterial causes. Pathophys: Change in…
Gastrointestinal Problems
Gastrointestinal Problems 19.1 General Epidemiology N Z Med 1994;107:328, Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1570 gi symptoms most often reported include gastroesophageal (GE) reflux, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Incidence greater than…
Issues Unique to the Female Athlete
Issues Unique to the Female Athlete 18.1 Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea Med Clin N Amer 1994;78:345 Cause: Multifactorial including excessive training, low body wt/low body fat, emotional stress, physical stress of training—all…
Cardiovascular Problems
Cardiovascular Problems 17.1 Exercise-Associated Collapse (EAC)/Syncope Am Fam Phys 1999;60:2001; Phy Sportsmed 2003;31:23; Clin Auton Res 2004;14S:1-26; Phy Sportsmed 2005;33:28 Causes: Exercise (see Diff Dx). Epidem: Exertional-related syncope represents only…
Adolescent and Pediatric Problems
Adolescent and Pediatric Problems 16.1 Spondylolysis Prim Care 2005;32:201; Ortho Clin North Am 2003;34:461; Phy Sportsmed 2001;29:27; Phy Sportsmed 1996;24:57; Clin Sports Med 1993;12:517 Cause: Fracture of pars interarticularis of…
