Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Augmentation for the Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinosis William C. McGarvey Thomas O. Clanton DEFINITION The term insertional Achilles tendinitis (IAT) is actually a misnomer. The…
Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Mark E. Easley Matthew J. DeOrio DEFINITION Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is posterior heel pain at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. The clinical diagnosis is acute and…
Retrocalcaneal Bursoscopy (Endoscopic Removal of Bone, Bursa, and Paratenon) Angus M. McBryde Fred W. Ortmann DEFINITION AND INTRODUCTION Patrick Haglund in 1928 described an enlarged posterior border of the os…
Medial Ankle/Deltoid Ligament Reconstruction Beat Hintermann Markus Knupp Victor Valderrabano DEFINITION Pronation injuries of the ankle joint complex may result in a partial or complete disruption of the superficial anterior…
Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 1 Karen M. Sutton Sandra L. Tomak Lamar L. Fleming DEFINITION Achilles tendon ruptures typically occur about 2 to 6 cm proximal to the tendon’s…
Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 2 Alessio Giai Via Nicola Maffulli Francesco Oliva DEFINITION Rupture of the Achilles tendon is common. More than 20% of acute injuries are misdiagnosed, leading…
Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 1 Mathieu Assal Marc Merian-Genast Mark E. Easley DEFINITION Achilles tendon ruptures usually occur 3 to 4 cm above the calcaneal tuberosity. Although most injuries…
Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 2 Emilio Wagner Cristian Ortiz DEFINITION Spontaneous Achilles tendon ruptures are defined as a partial or complete loss of continuity of the distal tendinous portions…
Open Achilles Tendon Repair Sameh A. Labib DEFINITION The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the body and is the primary plantarflexor of the ankle joint.16 Sudden stretch of…
Deltoid Ligament Reconstruction Eric M. Bluman Richard J. de Asla DEFINITION Deltoid ligament deficiency is present when both the deep and superficial components of the medial collateral ligament complex of…
