Musculoskeletal Key

Ultrasound Applications in Adaptive Sports Medicine

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Ultrasound Applications in Adaptive Sports Medicine

The use of ultrasound in adaptive sports has not been well studied. There is more literature for use in wheelchair athletes who suffer overuse upper extremity injuries, including shoulder and…

read more

Adaptive Sports Medical Education

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Adaptive Sports Medical Education

Adaptive sports medicine is an area of medical practice that comprises knowledge in the fundamentals of both Sports Medicine and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. There are elements that are specific…

read more

Clinical Recommendations for Female Para and Adaptive Athletes

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Clinical Recommendations for Female Para and Adaptive Athletes

Female Para and adaptive athletes face health disparities affecting sport performance, clinical health, and well-being unique to the intersection between sex and disability. A guideline to comprehensive clinical care for…

read more

Paralympic Training

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Paralympic Training

To become a Paralympian and sustain that level, effective training is particularly important. Training extends further than just improving one’s physical abilities through strength and conditioning. Training the mind, improving…

read more

Sports-Related Injury Patterns Among Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Sports-Related Injury Patterns Among Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities

We present a scoping review regarding sports-related injury patterns in athletes with intellectual disabilities. We examined studies published through February 1, 2025 that were retrieved through librarian performed literature searches….

read more

Paralympic Classification: An Editorial on the Importance of Classification and Role of Health Care Professionals

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Paralympic Classification: An Editorial on the Importance of Classification and Role of Health Care Professionals

Introduction According to the World Health Organization, there are currently about 1.3 billion individuals with a disability, making up about 16% of the global population. As health care professionals (HCP),…

read more

Bone Health and Energy Availability in Adaptive Athletes

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Bone Health and Energy Availability in Adaptive Athletes

Adaptive athletes are a high performing yet medically complex group, facing unique challenges related to bone health and energy availability. Bone health is fundamental to athletic performance, injury prevention, and…

read more

Models and Methods Addressing Inclusion and Access to Adaptive Sports

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Models and Methods Addressing Inclusion and Access to Adaptive Sports

Adaptive sports offer significant physical and psychological benefits, reducing the risk of chronic illnesses like cardiovascular disease and diabetes while enhancing life satisfaction and independence. However, only 46% to 49%…

read more

Periodic Health Evaluations in the Adaptive Athlete

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Periodic Health Evaluations in the Adaptive Athlete

The periodic health evaluation (PHE) is a tool used to assess, monitor, and identify barriers to safe participation in sport. Currently, there are no standards associated with the PHE in…

read more

Mental Health in Adaptive and Para Athletes

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Mental Health in Adaptive and Para Athletes

Adaptive and para athletes’ mental health and well-being are an essential aspect of their care. These athletes deal with unique factors including lack of accessible facilities and accommodations, cost and…

read more