Musculoskeletal Key

A Hyperextension deformities of the knee The boy’s knees hyperextend due to generalized joint laxity. The girl’s have a hyperextension deformity due to a knee injury with loss of knee…

A Sports participation a priority Even in densely populated areas, providing room for sports is an important community priority (Hong Kong). Sport participation has positive and some negative aspects. The…

A Infection causes systemic illness This infant has septic arthritis of the elbow and is systemically ill. The prevalence of osteomyelitis is declining and changing character. Long-bone infections caused by…

A Common developmental variations This girl (left) has femoral antetorsion and this boy (above) has physiologic genu valgum. Lower Limb Development Lower limb development shows a wide range of normal…

A Trauma is part of a child’s life This boy sustained a fracture of his forearm and ankle during play. Children’s injuries not only differ from those of adults, they…

A Presentations of tumors in children The common modes of presentation are with a mass, as in osteochondroma (green arrow); with pain, as in osteoid osteoma (orange arrow); with a…

A Andry’s Tree A knowledge of normal and abnormal growth and development is vital to an understanding of pediatric orthopedics [B]. This knowledge increases our comprehension of the musculoskeletal system,…

A Guidelines on when to refer These tables were created by Brenda Eng, ARNP (see page ii) to help with these important decisions (2014). Managing the Family Skill in dealing…

A Families These are typical families that, because of their concern, often ask questions about their child’s problem. What Parents Should Know About flatfeet, in-toeing, bent legs, and shoes for…