41 Endoscopic Transnasal Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction Sarfaraz Mubarak Banglawala, Jenna Rebelo, Kesava (Kesh) Reddy, and Doron Sommer 41.1 Introduction The craniovertebral junction is considered a challenging anatomical region…
22 360° Endoscopically Assisted Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Alvaro Dowling, Sebastián Casanueva Eliceiry, Gabriela C. Chica Heredia, and Jonathan S. Schuldt 22.1 Introduction In recent years it has…
8 Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar Diskectomy: Structural Preservation Technique for L5–S1 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Hyeun Sung Kim, Ji Soo Jang, Il Tae Jang, Sung Hoon Oh, and Chang Il Ju…
9 Percutaneous Endoscopic Decompressive Laminectomy and Foraminotomy Gun Choi, Ketan Deshpande, and Akarawit Asawasaksakul 9.1 Introduction Technical advances in endoscopic instruments are allowing spine surgeons to take on the challenge…
38 Thoracoscopic Approaches to Deformity Correction [2] Rudolph J. Schrot and George D. Picetti III 38.1 Introduction This chapter presents the thoracoscopic approach to deformity correction in a progressive manner,…
44 Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Diskectomy Gun Choi, Alfonso García, Akarawit Asawasaksakul, and Ketan Deshpande 44.1 Introduction First described by Robinson and Cloward, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion has become an…
19 Destandau’s Technique: Interlaminar Approach (Lumbar Diskectomy with Canal Decompression) Shrinivas M. Rohidas 19.1 Introduction Lumbar intervertebral disk prolapse is a common occurrence. The standard surgical treatment is diskectomy with…
26 Laparoscope- and Endoscope-Assisted Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Ji-Hoon Seong and Jin-Sung Luke Kim 26.1 Laparoscope-Assisted OLIF 26.1.1 Background Laparoscope-assisted spine surgery via a retroperitoneal approach is not a new…
4 Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Migrated Lumbar Disk Herniation Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Gun Choi, and Ketan Deshpande 4.1 Introduction In the years since the introduction of the concept of percutaneous…
47 Cervical Laminoforaminotomy with Working Channel Endoscope Gun Choi and Akarawit Asawasaksakul 47.1 Introduction Posterior cervical foraminotomy has been applied extensively in the management of unilateral cervical radiculopathies, either due…
