Sensory changes Spontaneous pain Mechanical hyperalgesia Thermal hyperalgesia Deep somatic hyperalgesia Vascular-related changes Vasodilatation Vasoconstriction Difference in skin temperature Changes in skin color Edema, hyperhidrosis Swelling Hyperhidrosis Hypohidrosis Motor function…
Implant alloys Metal Approximate (%) 316 L stainless steel Nickel 8.3–35 Chromium 20 Manganese 2 Molybdenum 2–3 Nitrogen 0.1 Carbon 0.03 Sulfur 0.03 Silicon 0.75 Phosphorus 0.045 Iron Balance Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum…
Type Onset Definition Treatment 1 Positive intraoperative culture Two or more positive intraoperativecultures Antibiotics 2 Acute postoperativeinfection Infection less than 4 weekspostoperatively Debridement with component retention and antibiotics 3 Acute…
Fig. 9.1 The angular relationship between the trochlear (upper line) and transcondylar (lower line) axes in transverse (a) and coronal (b) planes (c): spheres fitted to lateral and medial facets…
Fig. 4.1 Different landmarks used to determine tibial rotation (ATA anatomical tibial angle, STA sagittal tubercle axis, PCA posterior condylar axis) Fig. 4.2 Akagi’s line: a line connecting the middle…
Fig. 8.1 Tantalum can be used as a backside surface in TKR. (a) Tantalum patella-backside surface, (b) with cemented PE-patella surface but also for augmentation in very severe bone defects…
Fig. 2.1 Aseptic loosening might be explained by four different concepts: wear particle disease, interface sealing effect, hydrostatic fluid pressure concept, bacterial endotoxin theory Aseptic loosening causal concepts: 1. Wear…
Fig. 1 Radiographs (anteroposterior, lateral, axial patella, and long leg view) of the left knee showed a primary cruciate-substituting guided-motion TKR with resurfaced patella. A varus mechanical leg axis was…
Fig. 19.1 Levels of foot amputation. Digital amputation (green line), transmetatarsal amputation (orange line), Lisfranc (tarsometatarsal) amputation (red line), and Chopart’s amputation (blue line) Careful attention to surgical principles specifically…
Fig. 15.1 First ray osteomyelitis is most commonly associated with contiguous spread of infection from adjacent neuropathic ulcers. Neuropathic ulcers are classically located over points of boney prominence or excessive…
