, Joshua T. Wewel1 and John E. O’Toole1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA KeywordsLumbar disc herniationMicrodiscectomyMinimally invasive spine surgery Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is one of…
(1) Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA (2) Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA KeywordsThoracic disc herniationCentrolateralTranspedicularCostotransversectomyLateral extracavitaryLateral retropleuralTransthoracic Introduction Disc herniation is…
(1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA (2) Washington Spine & Scoliosis Institute at OrthoBethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA KeywordsMinimally invasive spine surgeryAnterior thoracic…
(1) Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2) Department of Neurosurgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA KeywordsCervical radiculopathyCervical…
(1) Orthopedic Surgery, Inspira Health Network, Vineland, NJ, USA (2) Spine and Orthopedic Surgical Institute, Houston, TX, USA (3) Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Egg Harbor, NJ, USA…
(1) Department of Neurological Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, The GW Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC,…
Fig. 16.1 (a) Axial MRI images of a 38 y/o nonathletic patient with a L5-S1 HNP. (b) Axial MRI images of 19 y/o elite athlete (who is currently an elite NFL…
Symptoms Rule out Fever, malaise, unintentional weight loss Infection Fever, malaise, unintentional weight loss, night pain, history of cancer Cancer Neurologic deficits, bowel or bladder dysfunction Cauda equina Abnormal behavior,…
Fig. 17.1 Three cases of spondylolysis from one family In 1978, Haukipuro et al. reviewed the pedigrees of spondylolysis families and concluded that inheritance of lumbar spondylolysis is autosomal dominant…
Level Nerve root/dermatome Motor weakness Sensory distortion Reflex loss L1–L2, L2–L3 L2,L3 Hip flexors Anterior thigh None L3–L4 L4 Quadriceps Medial calf Patellar Tibialis anterior Medial foot L4–L5 L5 Extensor…
