Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 3.1 A 9-year-old child sustained a lower leg and femur fracture on the right side; both fractures were aligned and the original leg length was achieved. Despite a short…

Fig. 8.1 Sagittal and coronal computed tomography (CT) reformations of the thoracic spine. The arrows point to the severely injured T9–10 segment. Vertical distraction injury is present resulting in severe…

Fracture Anticoagulation/bleeding diatheses Soft tissue injury IV fluid extravasation Dialysis/nephrotic syndrome Burns Snake bites Revascularization Exercise induced Tight casts/dressingsa Crush injurya Pneumatic antishock garmentsa aSource of external compression The use…

Category Mechanism Treatment Hemorrhagic Loss of circulating blood volume Intravascular volume replacement Restore O2 carrying capacity Traumatic Loss of circulating blood volume with tissue injury and release of DAMPs Control…

Fig. 11.1 Trauma patient. The figure depicts a trauma patient with multisystem pathology. Such patients can have numerous orthopaedic injuries and management of these injuries needs to be in accordance…

Fig. 7.1 Type A pelvic ring injuries. The pelvic ring is mechanically stable Fig. 7.2 Type B pelvic ring injuries. The pelvic ring is rotationally unstable but the posterior SI…

Fig. 6.1 These are examples of inadequate plain radiographs of a femur fracture. (a) AP radiograph; (b) lateral radiograph. As the knee joint is not included on the radiograph, a…

Fig. 9.1 Algorithm for the acute management of open fractures (Used with permission from Slack Orthopedics: Mauffrey et al. [116]) Initial Debridement Timing In 2009, the guidelines on the management…