Arthritis of the ankle can evolve from multiple causes, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic conditions. As the condition progresses, it generally leads to increased pain,…
Arthroscopy of the ankle has become an invaluable tool for evaluating and treating pathology in the ankle joint. Arthroscopy allows a minimally invasive approach to the structures of the ankle…
Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle are treated conservatively with good results in most cases. However, several factors may lead to chronic ankle instability with recurring ankle sprains: Inadequate primary…
Hallux rigidus refers to degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint that is characterized by pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), and proliferative osteophyte formation. ANATOMY The first MTP…
Freiberg infraction is an osteochondrosis of a lesser metatarsal head, most commonly involving the second metatarsal. In 1913, Freiberg originally documented six cases and used the term infraction to indicate…
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. The predominant symptom is pain in the plantar region of the foot when initiating walking. The cause is…
Spring ligament failure consists of lengthening or disruption of the spring ligament complex resulting in subluxation at the talonavicular joint. Spring ligament failure is commonly associated with considerable degeneration of…
Symptomatic hallux valgus associated with a first intermetatarsal angle greater than 15 degrees is typically corrected with a proximal first metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure when nonoperative treatment…
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition of synovial joints that usually presents as a symmetric polyarthropathy. Ninety percent of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis have involvement of the foot; the…
Ankle distraction arthroplasty is a new technique for the treatment of ankle arthritis in younger patients who wish to defer ankle arthrodesis or ankle replacement. Distraction arthroplasty is based on…
