Intraoperative Imaging and Navigation
Fig. 30.1 (a–b) Axial T2 and coronal STIR magnetic resonance images of a large pelvic chondrosarcoma, displaying its difficult anatomic location that poses challenge to resection. Note the proximity to…
Metastatic Bone Disease:Femur—Tibia
Fig. 25.1 Fifty-four year-old male with metastatic non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. MRI demonstrating focal area in posterolateral tibial plateau, with involvement of the tibial articular cartilage Fig. 25.2 Metastatic lesion…
Metastatic Bone Disease: Femur
Fig. 24.1 (a, b) Sixty-one year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer who sustain a fracture after biopsy which was treated with cephallomedullary nail but failed to heal. She still had…
Current and Emerging Modalities
General Asymptomatic Emergent Pain Paraspinal mass Spinal cord compression Bone erosion with softtissue mass component Large lytic lesion in weight-bearing bonea Cauda equine compression Cortical disruption Radiculopathy Metastases to orbital…
Biology of Bone Cancer Pain
Fig. 3.1 Mechanisms of bone cancer : Histophotomicrographs of confocal (a) and histologic (b) serial images of normal bone and confocal images of spinal cord of tumor-bearing mice (d and…
Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Guideline Recommendation for bone scan Recommendation for CT/MRI National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [10] Symptomatic patients Those with a life expectancy >5 years and … PSA >20 T2 disease with…
Biopsy Considerations
Fig. 11.1 (a) An anteroposterior radiograph of a suspected metastatic lesion in the humeral diaphysis. (b) The solid line indicates the planed open biopsy incision, longitudinally oriented within an extensile…
Pathobiology of Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Bone Metastases
Fig. 2.1 Normal bone remodeling Osteoblasts Osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells located in the bone marrow stroma. They regulate bone mineralization and synthesize the dense cross-linked collagen that will…
Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, and Anabolic Agents in the Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease
Fig. 12.1 The mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates and denosumab with relation to the osteoclast. RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand The second class of medication consists of…
Metastatic Bone Disease: Forearm, Hand
Fig. 28.1 Preoperative (a) and postoperative (b) radiographs of a 61-year-old man with metastatic lung carcinoma to the proximal ulna with minimally displaced pathologic fracture . Treatment consisted of curettage…
