Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures
FIGURE 24-1 A lap belt used for a child can create a point of rotation about which the spine is flexed with an abrupt stop. This is a common mechanism…
Epidemiology of Fractures in Children
Early reports of children’s fractures lumped the areas fractured together, and fractures were reported only as to the long bone involved (e.g., radius, humerus, femur).11,49,56,77,81 More recent reports have split…
Management of the Multiply Injured Child
FIGURE 5-1 Temporary cervical spine stabilization is imperative in any child with multitrauma, especially those who are unconscious or complain of neck pain. Fluid Replacement Once an adequate airway is…
The Immature Skeleton
FIGURE 2-1 Bone development. During embryonic development, undifferentiated cells proliferate and compact to form the limb bud. As these cells proliferate, regions within the limb bud that undergo greater condensation…
Elbow Imaging with Emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fig. 1 Normal elbow. AP radiograph shows the medial (white arrow) and lateral (arrowhead) articular surfaces in the sigmoid notch that angle up to form a longitudinally-oriented ridge. The trochlea…
Bone Diseases with Emphasis on Insufficiency Stress Fractures
Muscles Sarcopenia, drug-induced myopathies (statins.), necrosis (diabetes mellitus), fat atrophy (steroids) Tendons Chondrocalcinosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, hypervitaminosis A, drug-induced (quinolones) Cartilage Chondrocalcinosis, hyperuricemia, recurrent haemorrhage, hemochromatosis, ochronosis Synovium Hyperuricemia, amyloidosis Bone…
Imaging of the Rotator Cuff and Rotator Interval
Drawing 1 Hand drawing of shoulder anatomy. (a) Coronal view of the osseous and ligamentous components of the subacromial tunnel formed by the acromium, the coracoid, the coracoacromial ligament and…
of Spine Trauma
Fig. 1 Diagram according to Denis classification showing anterior, middle and posterior columns In 1994, Magerl described a new system based on the AO fracture classification used in the extremities…
Glenohumeral Instability
Fig. 1 Anterior shoulder dislocation. AP (a) and scapular Y-view (b) radiographs demonstrate anteroinferior glenohumeral dislocation Computed tomography (CT) is valuable for confirmation of subtle bone lesions associated with instability…
Bone Tumors in Children
Infant and toddler <5 years old Infantile myofibromatosis Leukemia Langerhans cell histiocytosis (multifocal) Metastatic neuroblastoma Osteofibrous dysplasia Child 5–10 years old Ewing sarcoma of long bone Langerhans cell histiocytosis (unifocal)…
