Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Fig. 3.1 Major contributing factors of failed back surgery syndrome Patient Selection and Preoperative Factors Patient selection for the original spine surgery is of the utmost importance in preventing FBSS….
Considerations for Neuromodulation
Medication Recommendation Non-aspirin NSAIDs (excluding celecoxib) Discontinue 5 half-lives prior to procedure. Restart 2 h after procedure ASA, ASA combinations for primary prophylaxis Discontinue 6 days prior to procedure. Restart…
Identification of the Pain Patient
Pain Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Disability Index (PDI) McGill Pain Questionnaire Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Physical function Owestry Disability Index (ODI) Roland Morris Disability…
Revision Surgery and Alternative Treatment Options for Recurrent Pain Following Spinal Surgery
Fig. 5.1 Sagittal (left) and axial (right) MRI demonstrating epidural fibrosis surrounding the left nerve root in a patient with persistent postoperative neuropathic lower extremity pain and low back pain…
Biomechanics of Osteosynthesis by Screwed Plates
Brittle material Material with no or low capacity of plastic deformation. Ductile material Material with large capacity of plastic deformation. Elasticity Reversible deformation of a material. The material regains its…
Biomechanics of Posterior Instrumentation for Spinal Arthrodesis
Fig. 35.1 (a, b) A 28-year-old male with an unstable bursting fracture of ll. (c, d) He was treated by posterior instrumentation with pedicle screws made of titanium alloy. (e,…
Effect of Tension Stress by Surgical Lengthening of Limbs with Growth Retardation on Biomechanical and Functional Properties of Tissues
Fig. 23.1 (a) Scheme of successive stages of treatment of patients with achondroplasia. (b) Chart of the simultaneous removal of the tibia and femur Fig. 23.2 Dependence of step length…
Biotribocorrosion of Implants
Fig. 19.1 Schematic representation of a metallic surface: (a) ideal surface, (b) technical surface obtained by metal processing, (c) technical surface with oxide layer. The miscrostructure (grains) is typical for…
The Biomechanics of the Glenohumeral Articulation and Implications for Prosthetic Design
Fig. 31.1 The force from deltoid contraction (gray) acts some distance from the center of glenohumeral rotation and therefore acts both to rotate the joint and to translate this superiorly…
Biomechanics of the Spine During Growth
Fig. 22.1 Growing cartilage of a vertebra. (a) Vertebral plateau. (b) Bipolar cartilage = neurocenral cartilage. (c) Posterior elements apophyseal cartilage. P periosteum, R ring apophysis Vertebral Growth Plates Each vertebra has…
