Anterior and Lateral Approaches to Cervical Spine
Fig. 10.1 Left side. Upper Cervical Spine (UCS) approach: (1) hyoid bone, (2) angle of the mandible, (3) mastoid tip, and (4) anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle Fig. 10.2 Left…
Surgical Approaches to CCJ (Endoscopic Transnasal-Transoral-Transcervical and Robotic Transoral Approach)
Fig. 9.1 Surgical approches to CVJ Anterior Approach Transcranial (transfrontal, orbitozygomatic, pterional) Transnasal (transsphenoidal, transmaxillary, endoscopic) Transoral (transpalatal, buccopharyngeal, translabiomandibular, translabioglossomandibular, endoscopic) Transcervical Posterior Approach Suboccipital, retrosigmoid, extreme lateral Lateral…
Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery
Fig. 13.1 Left lateral cervical abscess following anterior approach in cervical spine stabilization 13.9 Spinal Cord Damage Spinal cord injury can be an expression of worsening of pre-existing myelopathy or…
Cervical Spine Instrumentation
Fig. 6.1 ACDF with stand alone anterior cage Anterior column (vertebral bodies and discs) is exposed through an anterior prevascular exposure (more often with transverse skin incision) and the level…
Anatomy of the Neck
Fig. 3.1 Cross section of the main muscles and fascial layers of the neck 3.2 Muscles of the Neck 3.2.1 Platysma Compared to all other muscles of the neck, which…
Tracheotomy Surgical Technique
Fig. 7.1 Identification of skin landmarks before incision The surgeon has to identify (Fig. 7.1): 1. Notch of thyroid cartilage 2. Cricoid cartilage 3. Skin incision line …
Anatomy of Craniocervical Junction
Fig. 1.1 C1 anatomy The atlas, first cervical vertebra, has its origins in the fourth occipital and first cervical sclerotomes. It is unique among vertebrae in not having a body…
Posterior Approach to Cervical Spine
Fig. 11.1 The standard midline posterior approach to the cervical spine is carried through the two symmetrical extensor muscle compartments down to the dorsal surface of the neural arches Thus,…
Interventional Radiology: Presurgical Selective Angiographic Embolization (SAE) in Hypervascular Cervical Spine Tumours
The spinal cord and dura mater have a united and functionally indissociable vascularization. Characteristic of the intramedullary vessels of the spinal cord is to maintain their embryonal metameric disposition, which…
Anesthesiological Management and Patient Positioning
Fig. 5.1 The patient’s eyes are protected to avoid direct pressure Fig. 5.2 Positioning of nasogastric and endotracheal tubes Fig. 5.3 Tracheostomy opened in a patient before surgery For a…
